Glossary of Terms
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Allegations:
A statement by a party to a legal action of what the party undertakes to prove
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Appellate:
Concerning appeals, having the power to review the judgment of another tribunal
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Burden of proof:
The legal requirement to establish who is responsible for presenting evidence that proves or defeats a claim
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Conviction review unit (CRU) or Conviction Integrity Unit (CIU):
An entity within a District Attorney’s office dedicated to ensuring that its office “got it right” when it convicted someone. They conduct fact-based reviews of claims of actual innocence, but on the behalf of the prosecution to ensure integrity of the office’s convictions. If they decide someone was wrongly convicted, they reach out to innocence organizations like TIP.
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Direct Appeal:
The automatic appeal that follows a trial
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Exonerate (v):
To clear from accusation or blame
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Exoneree (n):
A person who is shown to be not guilty of a crime for which he or she was formerly found guilty : a person who is exonerated of a crime
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Felony:
A crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death
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Habeas:
An order for inquiring into the lawfulness of the restraint of a person who is imprisoned or detained in another's custody
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Life sentence:
The state of Tennessee defines a life sentence as serving 51 years in prison
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Litigate (v):
To carry on a legal contest by judicial process
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Litigation (n):
The act, process, or practice of settling a dispute in a court of law
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Misdemeanor:
A minor illegal wrongdoing
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Pardon:
A government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction
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Parole:
A form of early release of a prison inmate where the prisoner agrees to abide by certain behavioral conditions, including checking-in with their designated parole officers, or else they may be rearrested and returned to prison
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Post conviction:
The legal process which takes place after a criminal trial results in a conviction of the defendant, or where a defendant accepts a plea of guilty or no-contest
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Pro Bono:
Professional work undertaken voluntarily and without payment
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Wrongful conviction:
A conviction of a person for a crime that the individual did not commit